抗坏血酸葡糖苷;L-抗坏血酸 2-葡糖甙 (AA2G);L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside

2-O-Α-D-吡喃葡糖基-L-抗坏血酸;抗坏血葡萄糖苷;

L-抗坏血酸2-葡糖苷;

2-O-ALPHA-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-L-抗坏血酸;抗坏血酸葡萄糖苷;

2-O-Α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-L-抗坏血酸;抗坏血酸葡糖苷的应用

英文同义   Ascofresh;

L-Ascorbic acid, 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-;

AA-2G;ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside;

ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE, ASCORBIC ACID-2- GLUCOSIDE;

2-O-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-L-ASCORBIC ACID;

L-Ascorbic acid 2-o-alpha-glucoside;

Pyrido(1,2-A)indol-6(7H)-one, 8,9-dihydro-7-(hydroxy(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-10-propyl-, (R*,S*)-

性质

熔点158-163℃

沸点785.6±60.0 °C(Predicted)

密度1.83±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)

储存条件2-8°C

酸度系数(pKa)3.38±0.10(Predicted)

形态Powder

颜色White to Off-white

水溶解性Soluble in water. (879 g/L) at 25°C.

最大波长(λmax)260nm(H2O)(lit.)

InChIKeyMLSJBGYKDYSOAE-DCWMUDTNSA-N

分子式：C12H18 O11

分子量：338.26

纯度：98% 性状与特性：白色结晶性粉末，无臭，无气味。比维生素C更容易溶解。

L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside的结构

AA2G结构，维生素C中的第二个碳上的羟基起重要的生物活性作用，而天然维生素C失活和变质也正是在这个部位。L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside是通过酶的作用将维生素C与淀粉合成的，其将葡萄糖与活跃的羟基可逆的结合，以使整个结构保持活性。

维生素C（抗坏血酸）能够用来使肌肤更明亮，更健康，更年轻的功效已广为人们熟知。科学研究表明维生素C提亮美白肌肤的功效来自于其抑制黑色素形成及减少黑色素的能力。但将维生素C应用于健康和美容配方面临诸多挑战，受热，氧化，与金属离子以及化妆品中其他常用成分的反应，都能轻易使维生素C失去生物活性。这会导致其成分在化妆品配方中变色，并且使得其带来的使肌肤更健康更年轻的功效大打折扣。为解决这个问题，日本林原国际（Hayashibara）与一位知名的化学家合作，用一种新型的酶制剂将维生素C与葡萄糖合成出了一种新物质。这种物质形成了一种特殊的稳定的维生素C，叫做L-抗坏血酸2-葡萄糖苷（L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside）。这种维生素C衍生物，商品名简称为AA2G，具备卓越的配方稳定性，能够从本质上抑制变色和降解，同时保留了全部生物活性，以达到提亮美白，抵御紫外线照射以及抗衰老的功效。

2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is a glucosylated derivative of L-ascorbic acid that has antioxidant and radioprotective activities. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH;) radicals in a cell-free assay (EC50 = 61 μM in 60% ethanol). AA-2G (5 mM) inhibits γ-radiation-induced cell death in CHO-10B2 and radiosensitive xrs5 cells, as well as UVC- or broadband UVB-induced cell death in CHO-10B2 and UV-sensitive UV135 cells. It is hydrolyzed to ascorbic acid by α-glucosidase and increases serum levels of ascorbic acid in rats and guinea pigs when administered orally at doses of 19.2 and 96 mg/animal, respectively. AA-2G (19.2 mg/animal per day) reverses weight loss and inhibits subcutaneous hemorrhage in guinea pigs fed a vitamin C-deficient diet.

2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant compound found in the human body. It is produced by the enzyme tyrosinase from L-ascorbic acid and has been shown to have anti-apoptotic effects on skin cells. 2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid has also been shown to enhance mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the proliferation of skin cells in vitro. The compound has been tested for its ability to prevent radiation damage in mice and was found to be more effective than vitamin C at preventing cell death. 2OAGA can be used as a topical treatment for skin conditions, such as acne or wrinkles, by reducing inflammation and stimulating cellular growth.

L-Ascorbic acid-2-glucoside is a glycoside.

2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant compound found in the human body. It is produced by the enzyme tyrosinase from L-ascorbic acid and has been shown to have anti-apoptotic effects on skin cells. 2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid has also been shown to enhance mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the proliferation of skin cells in vitro. The compound has been tested for its ability to prevent radiation damage in mice and was found to be more effective than vitamin C at preventing cell death. 2OAGA can be used as a topical treatment for skin conditions, such as acne or wrinkles, by reducing inflammation and stimulating cellular growth.

2-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid, also known as AA-2G, is a unique vitamin C derivative that has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in various fields of research and industry. In this paper, we will provide a comprehensive overview of AA-2G, covering its definition and background, physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

AA-2G is a white or off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, ethanol, and propylene glycol. It has a molecular weight of 372.32 g/mol, a melting point of 187-191°C, and a pH range of 5.0-8.0. AA-2G is stable at room temperature and under acidic or neutral conditions, but it can decompose at high temperatures or under alkaline conditions.

Synthesis and Characterization:

AA-2G can be synthesized by enzymatic or chemical methods. The enzymatic method involves using alpha-glucosidase to transfer a glucose molecule from sucrose to L-ascorbic acid. The chemical method involves using 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme and other enzymes to synthesize AA-2G from glucose and L-ascorbic acid. The synthesized AA-2G can be characterized using various techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy.

Analytical Methods:

Several analytical methods have been developed to quantify AA-2G in various samples such as cosmetics, food, and biological fluids. These methods include high-performance liquid chromatography, electrochemical detection, and capillary electrophoresis.

Biological Properties:

AA-2G has been reported to exhibit various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. It can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. AA-2G can also inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and reduce inflammation. In addition, AA-2G can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments:

AA-2G has been reported to be safe in scientific experiments conducted on animals and humans. It does not exhibit acute toxicity, skin irritation, or sensitization. However, long-term toxicity studies and human studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of AA-2G in various applications.

Applications in Scientific Experiments:

AA-2G has been used in various scientific experiments due to its unique properties. It can be used as an antioxidant in cell culture, animal models, and human studies. AA-2G can also be used as a skin-brightening agent in cosmetics and skincare products. In addition, AA-2G can be incorporated into food and beverages as a functional ingredient.

Current State of Research:

Currently, the research on AA-2G is focused on its potential applications in various fields such as cosmetics, food, and medicine. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of AA-2G on skin aging, skin pigmentation, and oxidative stress. In addition, AA-2G has been investigated for its potential anticancer activity.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry:

AA-2G has potential implications in various fields of research and industry. In the cosmetics industry, AA-2G can be incorporated into skincare products to improve skin brightness, reduce dark spots, and prevent skin aging. In the food industry, AA-2G can be used as a functional ingredient to enhance the antioxidant capacity of food products. In the medical field, AA-2G has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases.

Limitations:

Despite its potential applications, AA-2G has several limitations. It is relatively expensive compared to other vitamin C derivatives, and its stability is affected by the pH and temperature of the environment. In addition, the current research on AA-2G is limited to in vitro and animal studies, and more human studies are necessary to evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Future Directions:

There are several future directions for AA-2G research. Firstly, the development of more efficient and cost-effective synthesis methods for AA-2G is necessary to increase its availability and reduce its cost. Secondly, more studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AA-2G in various applications. Thirdly, the potential applications of AA-2G in other fields such as agriculture and environmental science should be explored. Finally, the development of new analytical methods for detecting and quantifying AA-2G in various samples is necessary to facilitate its use in research and industry.