D-葡萄糖胺盐酸盐, D-Glucosamine HCl

D-Glucosamine (GlcN) is an aldohexose (2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose) in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 is replaced by an amino group (Collins, 2006).  D-Glucosamine is found in chitosan as the N-Acetylated derivative in chitin (Rudrapatnam, 2003), glycoproteins, glycolipids and the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (Fallacara, 2018). Glucosamine, as its sulfate salt, often in combination with the polydisaccharide chondroitin, is marketed over-the-counter as a treatment for osteoarthritis inflammation and its accompanying pain. Only the D-enantiomer of glucosamine exists in nature.

Posttranslational modification regulator. Inhibits N-glycosylation of certain proteins. Regulates TGF-β signaling. Downregulates HIF-1. Suppresses 5-HT-induced nociceptive responses. Shows analgesic effects in vivo. Orally active.

D-Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide and a precursor in the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc;) via the hexosamine pathway. It increases mineralization of MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells when used at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM. D-Glucosamine (20 mg/kg per day) inhibits bone erosion and loss of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in joints in a mouse model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis.

Glucosamine, an amino sugar is generated form glucose and glutamine and is naturally produced in the body. Glucosamine, a endogenous amino monosaccharide is the major source of glucosamine-6-phosphate and n-acetylglucosamine.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Glucosamine hydrochloride is a drug prescribed for the remediation of degenerative joint diseases in small animals.

D-Glucosamine HCl is an HCl salt glucosasmine preparation. It has been used as a standard to quantify and express chitin content as glucosamine equivalents. It is used to stimulate cells with glucose in the presence of glucosamine.